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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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                  <text>Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial Works&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Receiving room McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company]</text>
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                <text>One man is pushing a flatbed cart on top of which are two large, square packages labeled “Hawkeye No. 2 Choice Uncolored Japan Tea McFadden Coffee and Spice Co., Dubuque, Iowa" Behind and next to the man are similar packages labeled “Hawkeye No. 4 from Japan” or "Hawkeye No. 4 Choice Uncolored Japan Tea McFadden Coffee and Spice Co.," and another labeled "McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Co. Coffee, Tea, Extracts, Baking Powder, Etc. Dubuque, Iowa.” The number “62” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “4” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>Spices&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>See the Notes field in the record for image KL 020-083, “Men loading machines at McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company,” for more information about the McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company.</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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                  <text>Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial Works&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Men loading machines at McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company]</text>
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                <text>Four men are working on the upper floor of a warehouse building of the McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company. One man appears to be servicing a large machine. Behind this man are three hoppers full of spices, or perhaps different kinds of tea or coffee. The hoppers have small wheels on the bottom and run on tracks. Another man is using levers attached to the hoppers to tip one of them on its side into a partially visible hole in the floor. Similar covered holes are partially visible under adjacent hoppers. A light-colored, concrete post extending vertically from the floor to the ceiling is visible, as is ductwork for an exhaust system leading to a large covered fan venting through an upper wall near some roof-mounted windows. In the rear of the image, two men are visible. One is pushing a cart filled with large bags of coffee, tea or spices. The number “60” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “4” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Spices&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to an Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS IA-160-H, (www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ia0285/) “James and Edward McFadden formed the McFadden Brothers Grocery and Provisions Store in 1884 on the southwest corner of Fifth and Main streets. Two years later they … formed the McFadden Coffee and Spice Company with Joseph McFadden and John A. McKinlay to import, manufacture and import coffee, ground spices, coconut, chocolate, hops, soap and baking powder. After an initial period of hardship, the company began a period of continuous expansion …. McFadden shortly thereafter added tea to its product line and took over the plant of the Pritchard Buggy Top Company.... As the McFadden company expanded its sales rapidly throughout Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Dakotas during the 1890s, the firm moved into the double store of the defunct Mitchell Tranfer [sic] House and then occupied three more buildings. In December 1902 the McFadden Coffee and Spice Company was incorporated with a capitalization of $100,000. With James McFadden as president and Joseph McFadden as secretary, the firm was finally able to consolidate its operation on October 1, 1910, when it moved into [an] immense factory and warehouse - "a model of perfection," according to a 1911 Dubuque business gazetteer. Built at a time in which reinforced concrete frame construction for buildings was beginning to gain rapidly in popularity, the McFadden Factory and Warehouse is architecturally significant as a novel and innovative foray into the new use of a material:  [concrete, and] one of Dubuque's earliest truly fireproof buildings. It is historically significant for its association with the McFadden Coffee and Spice Company, a successful representative of one of the city's secondary industries.”</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Women packing spices at the McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company]</text>
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                <text>Four women are seated at a long work table in a warehouse room. One is holding a bag under a small funnel at the base of a large machine. On the side of the machine, above the woman’s head, is a scale enclosed in a metal box with a glass window.  Ductwork with a gear and pulley on its side descends from the ceiling into the scale.  A small sign on the gear reads “McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Co.” On the opposite side of the work table, another of the women is tying up the small bags of spices, while the other women wait to pack the bags. Numerous square packages wrapped in brown paper and labeled “Right Hand Cinnamon,” “Right Hand Allspice,” “Cayenne,” and “Pepper,” may be seen stacked on shelves around the room. The number “56” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “4” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1st and Iowa Streets, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
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                <text>See the Notes field in the record for image KL 020-083, “Men loading machines at McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company,” for more information about the McFadden Coffee &amp; Spice Company.&#13;
&#13;
The original glass plate negative was lost. A gelatin silver print created in the 1970s remains.</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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                <text>KL 019-082</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a gelatin silver print scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132978">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[J. J. Murray Real Estate office in the Security Building]</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Photographer unknown</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dressed in a dark suit, a grey haired man with a mustache is seated at a roll-top desk, holding a paper. Other papers and envelopes are on the desk. A telephone, books, a clock and an electric desk lamp are on the top of the desk.  Also on top of the desk and leaning against the wall is a large book entitled "Plat Book __ Dubuque County Iowa." A map of eastern Iowa and a monthly calendar open to June, 1912, are attached to the wall above the desk. A “School Calendar” is pinned to a smaller map, which is attached to an outside wall next to a window. “J. J. Murray, Real Estate” is painted on the window. The top of the window is curved, with a striped awning, indicating that this office is on the upper floor of the Security Building. A rocking chair may be seen next to the window. On the wall behind the man is a photograph of four men in an ornate frame. The number “50” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. No number is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>1912-05/06</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132954">
                <text>404 Security Building, 8th and Main Streets, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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Real estate&#13;
Offices&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>The 1912 Dubuque City Directory lists James J. Murray's occupation as real estate, loans and insurance with an office in room 404 of the Security Building, 8th and Main Streets.  The Directory also notes that he is director of the Board of Education.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132958">
                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132960">
                <text>KL 008-382</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132962">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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              <text>1 glass negative: b &amp; w</text>
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          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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              <text>6.5 x 8.5 in.</text>
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                <text>[Attorney's office]</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Photographer unknown</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A man, dressed in a dark suit with a flower in his jacket lapel, is seated at a large desk. Papers litter the desktop. A framed photograph of a woman is on the top of the desk. Other photographs, diplomas and certificates are attached to the wall above the desk. To the left of the desk is a metal file cabinet. On the far wall next to a large window is a barrister's bookcase filled with legal books. The view from the window indicates that this office is on an upper floor and water droplets on the window suggest that it is or has been raining. Behind the man, against the right wall, is a tall file cabinet with a variety of horizontal and vertical drawers. Attached to the side of the file cabinet is a calendar, open to May, 1912 and advertising “Peter Kiene &amp; Son, Insurance Agents.” On the wall on the far right, next to the tall file cabinet is a large, framed photograph of Yale University. The number “35” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. No number is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Offices&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>KL 007-431</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132947">
                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
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Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>The Town Clock Tower is visible on the roof of the three-story building. Two men are standing on the roof and leaning on the base of the Clock Tower. There is an ornate marble baluster on each side of the base of the Clock Tower. Additional marble, in coordinating designs, is used around the window frames of the brick building. A desk and carpeting are visible through one of the street level windows. Several signs are visible on the building. On a side wall, near the roof, is a sign for “Ferguson Supply Company.” Visible on the  shop occupying the left half of the street level are signs for “Tea and Coffee," "823 Grand Union Tea Co. 823," and a T-shaped hanging sign for "Tea Tea." Three other signs hung in the front windows of the shop in the right half of the street level: “Going out of business everything must be closed out at once,”  “Buy your home furnishing now, we’ll store them until you are ready for them,” and “Going out of business, big bargains in house furnishings.”  Signs on the neighboring buildings to the right of the Town Clock Building include "843 J. KA_AT 843" and "__ . __. Schumacher Hair Bazaar."  Signs on the building on the far left include "__. Peterson Dentist," "813," and an awning with "Monarch," probably for Monarch Grocery.</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), the town clock, said at the time to be the most accurate town clock in the United States, had been a prominent landmark of Dubuque since 1864 when Mr. and Mrs. George Wood gave the city a perpetual lease to Lot 54, the site of the John Bell and Company store, a building they owned on the west side of Main Street between Eighth and Ninth streets. &#13;
 The heavy clock and tower collapsed on May 25, 1872, killing a child and two women who were inside the building. The building was rebuilt in 1873, and a new clock and bell installed.&#13;
The new clock, accurate to within two seconds each week, was operated with weights wound by cranks, which ran through a shaft into the basement of the building.&#13;
&#13;
The original glass plate negative was lost. A gelatin silver print created in the 1970s remains.</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Upper floor office in the Security Building]</text>
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                <text>Two young men and an older man, all dressed in dark suits, are seated at desks and work tables in a small office. One of the younger men is holding a cigar and writing in a large ledger, while the other young man is holding a pipe and seated at a desk in front of a typewriter.  A telephone is also visible on this desk. A double electric bell, perhaps for the telephone, with the numbers “288” above it, is mounted on a nearby wall, next to a window. The window frame is curved at the top, and has a striped awning. The view from this window is of the upper floor and roof of a nearby building. Next to the older man’s desk is a small bookcase or library cart filled with large record books.  A large, gas chandelier hangs from the ceiling. An electric desk lamp is visible on top of the older man’s desk. The number “243” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “1” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
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Itinerant Photographers</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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